Sunday, December 16, 2012

Hillary Clinton faints, suffers a concussion

U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton reportedly fainted from being dehydrated and suffered an apparent concussion in the incident. NBC's Andrea Mitchell reports.

By NBC News staff

Updated at 4:10 p.m. ET: Secretary of State Hillary Clinton fainted days ago and suffered a concussion after becoming dehydrated because of a stomach virus, the State Department said Saturday.

"She has been recovering at home and will continue to be monitored regularly by her doctors. At their recommendation, she will continue to work from home next week, staying in regular contact with Department and other officials," the State Department said in a statement.

State Department officials said Clinton, 65, fainted earlier this week, although they would not specify when the incident occurred.


NBC?s chief medical editor Dr. Nancy Snyderman said Clinton?s exhausting schedule could have made her susceptible to fainting. Clinton is known for her grueling travel schedule and has earned the distinction of being the secretary of state who has traveled the most.

?If a patient has been logging millions of miles a year and is tired and not eating or drinking the right things in a couple of days, a shift in blood volume can cause fainting,? Snyderman said.

This isn?t the first time Clinton passed out after having a stomach bug. As a U.S. senator representing New York, Clinton fainted in 2005 during a speech in Buffalo after complaining of a stomach virus.

A history of fainting could indicate underlying heart problems, Snyderman said, specifically ?that the heart is not pumping correctly.?

?Heart valve or thyroid issues can be more common in older women,? Snyderman explained. ?The standard protocol would be to have a cardiac workout to make sure her heart rhythm and heart valves are normal. You worry about the heart not beating correctly. That?s a very simple thing to check.?

She said that given Clinton?s past fainting episode, her doctors would likely put her through a cardiac stress test.

The concussion will have doctors ?watching her like a hawk,? Snyderman said, particularly if Clinton hit the side of her head. If Clinton hit the back of her head, her brain would be better protected, she said.

Clinton canceled a trip to Morocco earlier in the week because she wasn't feeling well, according to New York Magazine. She was scheduled to be in Morocco to officially recognize the Syrian rebels who have been engaged for nearly two years in an armed battle against Syrian President Bashar al-Assad?s regime.

Kevin Lamarque / Reuters, file

U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton came down with a stomach bug earlier this week and fainted, suffering a concussion. Here she is pictured speaking during a news conference at Stormont Castle in Belfast, in Northern Ireland, on Dec. 7.

Due to her health, Clinton will no longer testify at a?House Foreign Affairs Committee on Thursday?on the attack on a U.S. mission in Libya.

"I am sorry to learn of Secretary Clinton's ill health and I wish her a quick and full recovery. It is, however, unfortunate that Secretary Clinton is unable to testify next week before the House Committee on Foreign Affairs on the investigation into the terrorist attack that killed four Americans and left others injured," committee chairwoman?Rep. Ileana Ros-Lehtinen, R-Fla., said in a statement.

Deputy Secretary William Burns and Deputy Secretary Thomas Nides will provide testimony in Clinton's absence.

"Although I respect Bill and Tom, we still don't have information from the Obama administration on what went so tragically wrong in Benghazi that resulted in the deaths of four patriotic Americans," Ros-Lehtinen said. "We have been combing through classified and unclassified documents and have tough questions about State Department threat assessments and decision-making on Benghazi. This requires a public appearance by the secretary of state herself. Other cabinet secretaries involved should also be held publicly accountable."

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Source: http://usnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/12/15/15930235-hillary-clinton-recovering-after-fainting-suffering-a-concussion?lite

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    Warning, speedsters: you can't fool quantum radar

    Is it a bird, a plane or a speeding car? Police officers might one day be armed with speed guns that cannot be fooled by even the most determined racers, thanks to a new radar technique based on the laws of quantum mechanics. The ultra-secure system could also be used to counter futuristic military cloaking systems that might disguise a plane as a bird.

    Radar and lidar systems bounce radio or light signals off an object and measure how long they take to return. That information can be used to determine the object's position and shape ? identifying it as a war plane, say ? or to calculate its speed. But both military and police systems can be fooled by devices that generate photons of the same frequency as in the outgoing beam. This is how the speed gun jammers installed in some cars work.

    To reveal when returning photons have been faked, Mehul Malik and colleagues at the University of Rochester, New York, borrowed a trick from quantum cryptography, polarising each outgoing photon in one of two ways according to a sequence.

    Wrong polarisation

    Their radar system also measures the polarisations of the returning photons. That forces someone creating a false beam to polarise their photons too ? but they need to know the correct sequence. However, if they try to measure the photons arriving from the radar transmitter, quantum mechanics ensures that many of the true polarisations will get lost. So a false signal will always contain more photons of the wrong polarisations than the true beam.

    In lab tests, photons reflected from a cut-out of a stealth bomber had an error rate of less than 1 per cent, while over half the photons created on the fly to mimic the shape of a bird had the wrong polarisation. In quantum cryptography, the same principle reveals if photons encoding a secret key have been intercepted.

    "If it works in practice, it would be super-cool," says Vadim Makarov of the University of Waterloo, Canada. But he warns that reflected photons are more likely to change polarisation outside a laboratory setting.

    Journal reference: Applied Physics Letters, doi.org/jz5

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    Saturday, December 15, 2012

    Children Keep Active In Science - Reference and Education ...

    December 10th, 2012 by admin

    At my high school reunion last week, I ran into an old friend. He and I had a biology class together when we were young. He told me that summer activities were a wonderful activity for youngsters, and that the best activities were science summer camps. He said that his children had attended some that were very enriching to their knowledge of science. He said that they were well worth the money that they cost, and they could meet others there.

    Posted in Latest News About Education

    ?

    Source: http://www.forefrontcurriculum.com/latest-news-about-education/children-keep-active-in-science/

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    Friday, December 14, 2012

    Go ahead, turn it up to 11. It?s a Marshall.

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    Huge DNA code of the Christmas tree being revealed

    In this Wednesday, Nov. 28, 2012 photo, the Rockefeller Center Christmas tree is lit during the 80th annual tree lighting ceremony at Rockefeller Center in New York. Scientists are working to decipher the DNA code of conifers, like this Norway spruce at Rockefeller Center in New York. In late 2012, scientific teams in the United States and Canada have released preliminary, patchy descriptions of conifer genomes. And a Swedish team plans to follow suit soon in its quest for the Norway spruce. (AP Photo/Kathy Willens)

    In this Wednesday, Nov. 28, 2012 photo, the Rockefeller Center Christmas tree is lit during the 80th annual tree lighting ceremony at Rockefeller Center in New York. Scientists are working to decipher the DNA code of conifers, like this Norway spruce at Rockefeller Center in New York. In late 2012, scientific teams in the United States and Canada have released preliminary, patchy descriptions of conifer genomes. And a Swedish team plans to follow suit soon in its quest for the Norway spruce. (AP Photo/Kathy Willens)

    (AP) ? To millions of people, the Christmas tree is a cheerful sight. To scientists who decipher the DNA codes of plants and animals, it's a monster.

    We're talking about the conifer, the umbrella term for cone-bearing trees like the spruce, fir, pine, cypress and cedar. Apart from their Yuletide popularity, they play big roles in the lumber industry and in healthy forest ecosystems.

    Scientists would love to identify the billions of building blocks that make up the DNA of a conifer. That's called sequencing its genome. Such analysis is a standard tool of biology, and doing it for conifers could reveal genetic secrets useful for basic science, breeding and forest management.

    But the conifer genome is dauntingly huge. And like a big price tag on a wished-for present, that has put it out of reach.

    Now, as Christmas approaches, it appears the conifer's role as a genetic Grinch may be ending.

    In recent months, scientific teams in the United States and Canada have released preliminary, patchy descriptions of conifer genomes. And a Swedish team plans to follow suit soon in its quest for the Norway spruce.

    "The world changed for conifer genetics," said David Neale of the University of California, Davis. It's "entering the modern era."

    What happened? Credit the same recent technological advances that have some doctors predicting that someday, people will have their genomes sequenced routinely as part of medical care. The technology for that has gotten faster and much cheaper.

    "Until just a few years ago, the idea of sequencing even a single conifer genome seemed impossible," said John MacKay of the University of Laval in Quebec City, who co-directs a multi-institution Canadian project that's tackling the white spruce. The new technologies changed that, he said.

    How big is a conifer genome? Consider the 80-foot Christmas tree at Rockefeller Center in New York. It's a Norway spruce, so its genome is six times bigger than that of anybody skating below it. Other conifer genomes are even larger.

    Nobody expects a perfect, finished conifer genome anytime soon. MacKay and others say that reaching that goal would probably require some advances in technology. But even partial versions can help tree breeders and basic scientists, researchers say.

    Why bother doing this?

    For breeders, "genomes can really help you speed up the process and simply do a better job of selecting trees, if you understand the genetic architecture of the traits you want to breed for," MacKay said.

    The prospect of climate change brings another dimension. As forest managers select trees to plant after a fire or tree harvesting, genetic information might help them pick varieties that can adapt to climate trends in coming decades, Neale said.

    It's all about "giving them a tree that will be healthy into the future," he said.

    To sequence a genome, scientists start by chopping DNA into small bits, and let their machines sequence each bit. That's the part that has become much faster and cheaper in recent years. But then comes the task of re-assembling these bits back into the long DNA chains found in trees. And that is a huge challenge with conifers, because their DNA chains contain many repeated sequences that make the assembly a lot harder.

    As a result, conifers present "these large regions I think we will never be able to piece together" with current technologies, said Par Ingvarsson of Umea University in Sweden, who is leading the Norway spruce project.

    Will scientists develop new technologies to overcome that problem?

    "You should never say never in this game," Ingvarsson said.

    This past summer, Neale's group presented partial results for the genome sequence of loblolly pine, based on DNA extracted from a single pine nut. It includes about a million disconnected chunks of DNA, and altogether it covers well over half the tree's genome.

    Neale figures it will take his team until 2016 to complete genomes of the loblolly, Douglas-fir and sugar pine. The project is financed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.

    Mackay's group recently released its early results on DNA taken from a single white spruce.

    As for the Swedish project on Norway spruce, Ingvarsson said its results will be made public early next year. The 2 million DNA pieces have captured most of the estimated 35,000 to 40,000 genes in the tree, even if researchers don't know just where those genes go in the overall genome sequence, he said.

    People have about 23,000 genes, not much different from a conifer. The tree's genome so much bigger because it also contains an abundance of non-gene DNA with no obvious function, Ingvarsson said.

    He said his chief reason for tackling conifer genomes was to fill a conspicuous vacancy in the list of sequenced plants.

    "It was like the one missing piece," he said. "We just need this final piece to say something about how all the plant kingdom has evolved over the last billion years or so."

    ___

    Online:

    Canadian project: http://bit.ly/UQdTPd

    U.S. project: http://pinegenome.org/pinerefseq/

    Swedish project: http://www.congenie.org/

    ___

    Malcolm Ritter can be followed at http://twitter.com/malcolmritter

    Associated Press

    Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/b2f0ca3a594644ee9e50a8ec4ce2d6de/Article_2012-12-13-Christmas%20Tree%20DNA/id-cbec3e80708b4e9da480735868c5f156

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