Africa lions plummet by two thirds in 50 years, study finds

Nickson Parmisa / Wildlife Direct

This lioness was killed on June 20, 2012, along with her sister and four cubs in Sholinge, Kenya, just outside Nairobi National Park. The lionesses had gone into a cattle area to teach the cubs to hunt.

By Miguel Llanos, NBC News

Africa's lions are running out of habitat and some populations,?especially those?in West Africa, are running toward extinction, according to a study published Tuesday.

Using new satellite data, a research team at Duke University found that about 75 percent of Africa's savannahs were fragmented by farmers and other development in the last 50 years.

"Only 25 percent remains of an ecosystem that once was a third larger than the continental United States," co-author Stuart Pimm, a Duke conservation ecology professor, said in a statement issued with the study.

"The situation in West Africa is particularly dire," the experts wrote, noting that human populations have doubled there over the last three decades.?Fewer than 500 lions remain in West Africa, the study estimated.

The team and a panel of lion experts used the savannah data to refine estimates of lion populations, which had ranged between 20,000 and 40,000 across Africa. Their estimate: 32,000 lions remain, down from an estimated 100,000 in 1960.

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"Given that many now live in small, isolated populations, this trend will continue," the experts wrote?in the study published in the peer-reviewed journal Biodiversity and Conservation.?

"Lions are not going to go extinct, but they are indeed going extinct locally," Pimm told NBC News. "Those in West Africa are in particularly bad shape. It would be tragic if one could see lions only in a couple of places in Africa."

The study estimates that more than 6,000 lions are in populations that have "a very high risk of local extinction."

Only nine African countries have at least 1,000 lions, and five?have likely lost all their lions since a 2002 study, the experts said. The biggest stronghold is in Tanzania, which has more than 40 percent of all African lions as well as a strong conservation program.

National Geographic, which funded the study, hopes to use the results to plan where to focus on saving lions.

"The research will help us better identify areas in which we can make a difference," said study co-author Luke Dollar, a former graduate student of Pimm's and now the grants director at National Geographic's Big Cats Initiative.

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The study estimated that some 24,000 lions are in "strongholds" -- particularly within national parks, where ecotourism can protect the animals while creating local jobs.

But even that designation isn't a guarantee, noted Pimm.?"Some large parks in West Africa have lost all their lions and essentially all of their wildlife," he said. "There has to be a political commitment to protect wildlife and, of course, a recognition that viewing wildlife can bring in substantial revenues."

Stuart Pimm

This high fence was built to protect cattle from lions.

A secondary problem is that "lions go beyond the national parks, straying onto land where people live," Pimm said. "The difficulty is to prevent the conflicts that occur when lions take livestock, typically at night."

The Duke team also works with National Geographic and others to mitigate those conflicts -- one approach is to build higher livestock fences. The goal, Pimm said, is to "protect livestock from lions and so stop the need for people to retaliate."

The study follows a move last week by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to study whether to list African lions under the Endangered Species Act. The biggest impact of a listing would be to bar U.S. hunters from bringing back any lion trophies from Africa, where some countries with healthy populations allow legal hunts.

The Associated Press contributed to this report.

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Source: http://worldnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/12/04/15671643-africas-lion-population-plummets-by-two-thirds-in-50-years-study-finds?lite

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